1995年12月全国大学英语六级考试真题及答案
Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Direction: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B) C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
Material culture refers to the touchable, material “things”-physical objects that can be seen, held, felt, used-that a culture produces. Examining a culture’s tolls and technology can tell us about the group’s history and ways of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music-culture. The most vivid body of “things” in it, of course, are musical instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph（留声机）was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments on the symphony orchestra.
Sheet music or printed music, too is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music-cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America, printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different song. Besides, the ability to read music notation（乐谱）has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as whole.
One more important part for music’s material culture should be singled out: the influence of the electronic media-radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and videocassette, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the “information revolution,” a twentieth-century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modern nations; they have affected music-music-cultures all over the globe.
21. Research into the material culture of a nation is of great importance because _______.
A) it helps produce new cultural tools and technology
B) it can reflect the development of the nation
C) it helps understand the nation’s past and present
D) it can demonstrate the nation’s civilization
22. It can be learned from this passage that _______.
A) the existence of the symphony was attributed to the spread of Near Eastern and Chinese music.
B) Near Eastern music had an influence on the development of the instruments in the symphony orchestra
C) the development of the symphony shows the mutual influence of Eastern and Western music
D) the musical instruments in the symphony orchestra were developed on the basis of Near Eastern music
23. According to the author, music notation is important because _____.
A) it has a great effect on the music-culture as more and more people are able to read it
B) it tends to standardize folk songs when it is used by folk musicians
C) it is the printed version of standardized folk music
D) it encourages people to popularize printed versions of songs
24. It can be concluded from the passage that the introduction of electronic media into the world of music _______.
A) has brought about an information revolution
B) has speeded up the arrival of a new generation of computes
C) has given rise to new forms of music culture
D) has led to the transformation of traditional musical instruments
25. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
A) Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers.
B) Music cannot be passed on to future generation unless it is recorded.
C) Folk songs cannot be spread far unless they are printed on music sheets.
D) The development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect.
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
The question of whether war is inevitable is one, which has concerned many of the world’s great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something, which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function in the disservice of one another.
Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies.
Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the occupancy（占有）of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all.
Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper（繁荣）; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce effort to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.
26. In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to _______.
A) argue for the similarities between animal societies and human societies
B) smooth out the conflicts in human societies
C) distinguish between tow kinds of opposition
D) summarize the characteristic features of opposition and cooperation
27. According to the author, competition differs from conflict in that _______.
A) it results in war in most cases
B) it induces efforts to expand territory
C) it is a kind of opposition among social entities
D) it is essentially a struggle for existence
28. The phrase “function in the disservice of one another” (Para.1, Line 7) most probably means “___”.
A) betray each other
B) harm one another
C) help to collaborate with each other
D) benefit one another
29. The author indicates in the passage that conflict ___.
A) is an inevitable struggle resulting from competition
B) reflects the struggle among social animals
C) is an opposition among individual social entities
D) can be avoided
30. The passage is probably intended to answer the question “___”.
A) Is war inevitable?
B) Why is there conflict and competition?
C) Is conflict desirable?
D) Can competition lead to conflict?
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
As Dr. Samuel Johnson said in a different era about ladies preaching, the surprising thing about computers is not that they think less well than a man, but that they think at all. The early electronic computer did not have much going for it except a marvelous memory and some good math skills. But today the best models can be wired up to learn by experience, follow an argument, ask proper questions and write poetry and music. They can also carry on somewhat puzzling conversations.
Computers imitate life. As computers get more complex, the imitation gets better. Finally, the line between the original and the copy becomes unclear. In another 15 years or so, we will see the computer as a new form of life.
The opinion seems ridiculous because, for one thing, computers lack the drives and emotions of living creatures. But drives can be programmed into the computer’s brain just as nature programmed them into our human brains as a part of the equipment for survival.
Computers match people in some roles, and when fast decisions are needed in a crisis, they often surpass them. Having evolved when the pace of life was slower, the human brain has an inherent defect that prevents it from absorbing several streams of information simultaneously and acting on them quickly. Throw too many things at the brain at one time and it freezes up.
We are still in control, but the capabilities of computers are increasing at a fantastic rate, while raw human intelligence is changing slowly, if as all. Computer power has increased ten times every eight years since 1946. In the 1990s, when the sixth generation appears, the reasoning power of an intelligence built out of silicon will begin to match that of the human brain.
That does not mean the evolution of intelligence has ended on the earth. Judging by the past, we can expect that a new species will arise out of man, surpassing his achievements as he has surpassed those of his predecessor. Only a carbon chemistry enthusiast would assume that the new species must be man’s flesh-and-blood descendants. The new kind of intelligent life is more likely to be made of silicon. 31. What do you suppose was the attitude of Dr. Samuel Johnson towards ladies preaching?
A) He believed that ladies were born worse preachers than men.
B) He was pleased that ladies could preach, though not as well as men.
C) He disapproved of ladies preaching.
D) He encouraged ladies to preach.
32. Today, computers are still inferior to man in terms of ___.
A) decision making
B) drives and feelings
C) growth of reasoning power
D) information absorption
33. In terms of making quick decisions, the human brain cannot be compared with the computer because ___.
A) in the long process of evolution the slow pace of life didn’t require such ability of the human brain.
B) the human brain is influenced by other factors such as motivation and emotion
C) the human brain may sometimes freeze up in a dangerous situation
D) computers imitate life while the human brain does not imitate computers
Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
Video recorders and photocopiers, even ticket machines on the railways, often seem unnecessarily difficult to use Last December I bought myself a video cassette recorder (VCR) described as “simple to use”. In the first three weeks I failed repeatedly to program the machine to record from the TV, and after months of practice I still made mistakes. I am not alone. According to a survey last year by Ferguson, the British manufacturer, more than one in four VCR owners never use the timer（定时器）on their machines to record a programme: they don’t use it because they’ve found it far too hard to operate.
So why do manufacturers keep on designing and producing VCRS that are awkward to use if the problems are so obvious? First, the problems we notice are not obvious to technically minded（有技术思想的）designers with years of experience and trained to understand how appliances work. Secondly, designers tend to add one or two features as a time to each model, whereas you or I face all a machine’s features at once. Thirdly, although finding problems in a finished product is easy, it is too late by then to do anything about the design. Finally, if manufacturers can get away with selling products that are difficult to use, it is not worth the effort of any one of them to make improvements.
Some manufacturers say they concentrate on providing a wide range of features rather than on making the machines easy to use. But that gives rise to the question, “Why can’t you have features that are easy to use?” The answer is you can.
Good design practice is a mixture of specific procedures and general principles. For a start, designers should build an original model of the machine and try it out on typical members of the public-not on colleagues in the development laboratory. Simple public trials would quickly reveal many design mistakes. In an ideal world, there would be some ways of controlling quality such as that the VCR must be redesigned repeatedly until, say, 90 per cent of users can work 90 per cent of the features correctly 90 per cent of the time.
36. The author had trouble operating his VCR because ____.
A) he had neglected the importance of using the timer
B) the machine had far more technical features than necessary
C) he had set about using it without proper training
D) its operation was far more difficult than the designer intended it to be
37. According to the author, manufacturers ___.
A) should add more useful features to their machines
B) often fail to make their products easy to use
C) should make their appliances as attractive as possible
D) often fail to provide proper training in the use of their products
38. It seems that manufacturers will remain reluctant to make improvements unless ___.
A) they can do so as a very low cost
B) they find their machines hard to operate
C) they have difficulty selling their products
D) they receive a lot of complaints about their machines
39. According to the passage, before a VCR is sold on the market, its original model should be tried out ___.
A) among ordinary consumers who are not technically minded
B) among people who are technically minded
C) among experienced technicians and potential users
D) among people who are in charge of public relations
40. One of the reasons why VCRs are so difficult to use is that ___.
A) the designers are often insensitive to the operational complexities of their machines
B) the range of features provided is unlimited
C) there is no ideal way of controlling quality
D) their designers often ignore the complaints of their users
Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
41. The police accused him of setting fire to the building but he denied ___ in the area on the night of the fire.
A) to be B) to have been
C) having been D) be
42. The schoolmaster ___ the girl’s bravery in his opening speech.
A) applauded B) enhanced
C) elevated D) clapped
43. The place did not appear to be popular, for it was completely deserted, and in any case ___ to traffic.
A) inadequate B) inaccessible
C) incompatible D) insignificant
44. One of the requirements for a fire is that the material___ to its burning temperature.
A) is heated B) will be heated
C) be heated D) would be heated
45. The secret agent concealed her real mission, therefore many local people were ___ into thinking that she was a good person.
A) betrayed B) driven
C) deceived D) convinced
46. Why this otherwise excellent newspaper allows such an article to be printed is ___ me.
A) above B) outside
C) beside D) beyond
47. When business is____, there is usually an obvious increase in unemployment.
A) degraded B) depressed
C) reduced D) lessened
48. As far as the rank of position is concerned and associate professor is ___ to a professor though they are almost equally knowledgeable.
A) attached B) subsidiary
C) previous D) inferior
49. This book will show the readers ___ can be used in other contexts.
A) how that they have observed B) that how they have observed
C) how what they have observed D) that they have observed
50. The plane ___, its bombs exploding as it hit the ground.
A) smashed B) crushed
C) plunged D) crashed
51. He believed that the greatest of his ___ was that he’d never had a college education.
A) briefs B) misfortunes
C) disasters D) sorrows
52. ___ your opinions are worth considering, the committee finds it unwise to place too much importance on them.
A) As B) Since
C) Provided D) While
53. The local government leaders are making every effort to ___ the problem of poverty.
A) abolish B) tackle
C) remove D) encounter
54. Although Asian countries are generally more ___ in social customs than Western countries, there have been several notable examples of women leaders in both China and India.
A) conservative B) confidential
C) comprehensive D) consistent
55. ___ the claim about German economic might, it is somewhat surprising how relatively small the German economy actually is.
A) To give B) Given
C) Giving D) Having given
56. Although the two players are ___ in the tennis court, they are really good friends.
A) partners B) enemies
C) rivals D) companions
57. The girl was ___ a shop assistant; she is now a manager in a large department store.
A) preliminarily B) presumably
C) formally D) formerly
58. I don’t think that this question is subordinate ___ the main aim of our company.
A) with B) to
C) for D) on
59. While admitting that this forecast was ___ uncertain, the scientists warned against treating it as a cry of wolf.
A) anyhow B) somewhere
C) somewhat D) anyway
60. The United States is trying to ___ the serious problems created by the energy crisis.
A) put up with B) submit to
C) comply with D) cope with
61. Some people viewed the findings with caution, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remains ___.
A) to be shown B) to have shown
C) to have been shown D) being shown
62. The economic crises in that country have threatened the ___ of the government.
A) stability B) capability
C) persistence D) permanence
63. Although most birds have only a negligible sense of smell, they have ___ vision.
A) vigorous B) exact
C) acute D) vivid
64. Rebecca ___ me earlier if she did not like her house she bought last month.
A) told B) would tell
C) had told D) would have told
65. By moving the radar beam around slowly in circles, we can ___ the surroundings.
A) explore B) expose
C) exploit D) expand
66. The Washington Monument is a hollow shaft without a break ___ its surface except for the tiny entrance.
A) in B) with
C) from D) to
67. The traffic police were searching for evidence to prove the accused man’s ___, but in vain.
A) mistake B) guilt
C) fault D) defeat
68. The world’s greatest sporting event, the Olympic Games, upholds the amateur ideal that ___ matters is not winning but participating.
A) anything B) it
C) what D) everything
69. Very few scientists ___ completely new answers to the world’s problems.
A) come up with B) come out
C) come round D) come up to
70. The police are suspicious ___ his words because he already has a record.
A) to B) at
C) on D) of
Part IV Error Correction (15 minutes)
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (／) in the blank.
Example:
Television is rapidly becoming the literatures of our periods. 1. time/times/period
Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature. 2. ／___________
As a school subject are valid for ∧ study of television. 3. the___________
Most studies suggest that when women and men do the
same job and have the same experience, pay rates tend to be
similar. Most of the dollar differences stem from fact that 71. __________
women tend to be more recently employed and have more 72. __________
years on the job. Whether women who have started a career
will attain pay equality with men rest on at least two factors. 73. __________
First, will most of them continue part time at their jobs after 74. __________
they have children? A break in their employment, or a decision
to work part time, will slow its raises and promotions- 75. __________
because it would for men. Second, will male-dominated 76. __________
companies elevate women to higher-paid jobs at the different 77. __________
rate as the elevate men? On some fields, this had clearly not 78. __________
happened. Many men, for example, have committed their 79. __________
lives to teaching careers, yet relative few have become 80. __________
principals or headmasters.
Part V Writing (30 minutes)
Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Why I Take the College English Test Band 6. you should write at least 120 words and your composition should include the following two points (given in Chinese)：
1. 有人认为没有必要参加大学英语六级考试（简称CET-6）。
2. 我参加CET-6考试的理由。
Why I Take the College English Test Band 6
答案
1. B 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. C 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. D
11. C 12. D 13. B 14. B 15. A 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. A
21. C 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. D 30. A
31. C 32. B 33. A 34. B 35. D 36. D 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. A
41. C 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. C 46. D 47. B 48. D 49. C 50. D
51. B 52. D 53. B 54. A 55. B 56. C 57. D 58. B 59. C 60. D
61. A 62. A 63. C 64. D 65. A 66. A 67. B 68. C 69. A 70. D
71. (fact), the (fact) 72. more, fewer/less
73. rest, rests 74. part, full
75. its, their 76. because, as
77. different, same 78. On, In
79. men, women 80. relative, relatively/comparatively
