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2003年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题
National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS
Candidates (NETEM)
Section I Listening Comprehension(略)
Section II Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious (21) to how they can best (22) such changes. Growing bodies need movement and (23) , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. (24) they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially selfconscious and need the (25) that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are (26) by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be(27)to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, (28) ,publishing newsletters with many studentwritten book reviews, (29) student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide (30) opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful (31) dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the (32) of some kind of organization with a supportive adult (33) visible in the background.
In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have (34) attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized (35) participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to (36) else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants (37) . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. (38)they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by (39) for roles that are within their (40) and their attention spans and by shavings clearly stated rules.
21. [A] thought[B] idea[C] opinion[D] advice
22. [A] strengthen[B] accommodate[C] stimulate[D] enhance
23. [A] care[B] nutrition[C] exercise[D] leisure
24. [A] If[B] Although[C] Whereas[D] Because
25. [A] assistance[B] guidance[C] confidence[D] tolerance
26. [A] claimed[B] admired[C] ignored[D] surpassed
27. [A] improper[B] risky[C] fair[D] wise
28. [A] in effect[B] as a result[C] for example[D] in a sense
29. [A] displaying[B] describing[C] creating[D] exchanging
30. [A] durable[B] excessive[C] surplus[D] multiple
31. [A] groups[B] individual[C] personnel[D] corporation
32. [A] consent[B] insurance[C] admission[D] security
33. [A] particularly[B] barely [C] definitely[D] rarely
34. [A] similar[B] long[C] different[D] short
35. [A] if only[B] now that[C] so that[D] even if
36. [A] everything[B] anything[C] nothing[D] something
37. [A] off[B] down[C] out[D] alone
38. [A] On the contrary[B] On the average[C] On the whole[D] On the other hand
39. [A] making[B] standing[C] planning[D] taking
40. [A] capability[B] responsibility[C] proficiency[D] efficiency
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Section III Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage—spying as a “profession.” These days the Net, which has already remade pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.
The latest revolution isn’t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s Email. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of pointandclick spying. The spooks call it “open source intelligence” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called OpenSource Solutions，whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.
Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligenceanalysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energyservices firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at www.straitford.com.
Straifford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster’s dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine.“ As soon as that report runs, we’ll suddenly get 500 new internet signups from Ukraine,” says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And we’ll hear back from some of them.” Opensource spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That’s where Straitford earns its keep.
Friedman relies on a lean staff in Austin. Several of his staff members have militaryintelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm’s outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washington backandforthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, “takes pride in its independent voice.”
41. The emergence of the Net has.
[A]received support from fans like Donovan
[B]remolded the intelligence services
[C]restored many common pastimes
[D]revived spying as a profession
42. Donovan’s story is mentioned in the text to.
[A]introduce the topic of online spying
[B]show how he fought for the U.S.
[C]give an episode of the information war
[D]honor his unique services to the CIA
43. The phrase “making the biggest splash” (line 1, paragraph 3) most probably means.
[A]causing the biggest trouble
[B]exerting the greatest effort
[C]achieving the greatest success
[D]enjoying the widest popularity
44. It can be learned from paragraph 4 that.
[A]Straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved true
[B]Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information
[C]Straitford’s business is characterized by unpredictability
[D]Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information
45. Straitford is most proud of its.
[A]official status[B]nonconformist image
[C]efficient staff[D]military background
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Text 2
To paraphrase 18thcentury statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.
For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied,” Then I would have to say yes.” Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such wellmeaning people just don’t understand.
Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way—in human term, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother’s hip replacement, a father’s bypass operation a baby’s vaccinations, and even a pet’s shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.
Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt” middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only wellknown personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.
46. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words to.
[A]call on scientists to take some actions
[B]criticize the misguided cause of animal rights
[C]warn of the doom of biomedical research
[D]show the triumph of the animal rights movement
47. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is.
[A]cruel but natural
[B]inhuman and unacceptable
[C]inevitable but vicious
[D]pointless and wasteful
48. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’s.
[A]discontent with animal research
[B]ignorance about medical science
[C]indifference to epidemics
[D]anxiety about animal rights
49. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should.
[A]communicate more with the public
[B]employ hitech means in research
[C]feel no shame for their cause
[D]strive to develop new cures
50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is.
[A]a wellknown humanist
[B]a medical practitioner
[C]an enthusiast in animal rights
[D]a supporter of animal research
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Text 3
In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total tonmiles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.
Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.
The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such “captive” shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.
Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone’s cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It’s theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.“ Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?” asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.
Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuning fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the 10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail’s net railway operating income in 1996 was just million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who’s going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.
51. According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikely because.
[A]cost reduction is based on competition
[B]services call for crosstrade coordination
[C]outside competitors will continue to exist
[D]shippers will have the railway by the throat
52. What is many captive shippers’ attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?
[A]Indifferent.[C]Supportive.
[C]Indignant.[D]Apprehensive.
53. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that.
[A]shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad
[B]there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide
[C]overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief
[D]a government board ensures fair play in railway business
54. The word “arbiters” (line 7, paragraph 4) most probably refers to those.
[A]who work as coordinators
[B]who function as judges
[C]who supervise transactions
[D]who determine the price
55. According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by.
[A]the continuing acquisition
[B]the growing traffic
[C]the cheering Wall Street
[D]the shrinking market
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Text 4
It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30minuts surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great healthcare system can cure death—and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.
Death is normal.We are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by thirdparty payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless. The most obvious example is latestage cancer care. Physiciansfrustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient—too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.
In 1950, the U.S. spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age—say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way”, so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.
I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53.Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C.Everett Koop chairs an Internet startup in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68yearold, I wish to age as productively as they have.
Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. Ask a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people’s lives.
56. What is implied in the first sentence?
[A]Americans are better prepared for death than other people.
[B]Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.
[C]Americans are overconfident of their medical technology.
[D]Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.
57. The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that.
[A]medical resources are often wasted
[B]doctors are helpless against fatal diseases
[C]some treatments are too aggressive
[D]medical costs are becoming unaffordable
58. The author’s attitude toward Richard Lamm’s remark is one of.
[A]strong disapproval[C]reserved consent
[C]slight contempt[D]enthusiastic support
59. In contras to the U.S., Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care.
[A]more flexibly[B]more extravagantly
[C]more cautiously[D]more reasonably
60. The text intends to express the idea that.
[A]medicine will further prolong people’s lives
[B]life beyond a certain limit is not worth living
[C]death should be accepted as a fact of life
[D]excessive demands increase the cost of health care
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Part B
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.(61)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.
“Anthropology” derives from the Greek words“anthropos”:“human”and logos “the study of.” By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.
Anthropology is one of the social sciences.(62)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.
All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a fieldstudy oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.(63)The emphasis on data gathered firsthand, combined with a crosscultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science.(64) Tylor defined culture as“...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior.
(65)Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
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Section IV Writing
Directions:
Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you should
1)describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and
2)point out its implications in our life.
You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
温室花朵经不起风雨
2003年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题答案与解析
2003年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题答案与解析
Section I Listening Comprehension(略)
Section Ⅱ Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious (21) to how they can best (22) such changes. Growing bodies need movement and (23) , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. (24) they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially selfconscious and need the (25) that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are (26) by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be(27)to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, (28) ,publishing newsletters with many studentwritten book reviews, (29) student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide (30) opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful (31) dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the (32) of some kind of organization with a supportive adult (33) visible in the background.
In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have (34) attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized (35) participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to (36) else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants (37) . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. (38)they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by (39) for roles that are within their (40) and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.
教师必须了解年轻人所经历的情感、智力和生理变化。同时，教师还必须认真思考青少年如何能更好地适应这些变化。身体的成长需要运动和锻炼，但不能以只强调竞争的方式进行。因为他们正在调整自己以适应身体的变化和许多新的智力上和情感上的挑战，所以他们自我意识很强并且需要信心，这种信心来自于他们所取得的成功，也来自于别人对其成就的钦佩。然而，典型的年轻人的生活方式中已经充满了竞争，因此安排一些成功者多于失败者的活动是十分明智的。例如：出版许多学生写的书刊评论的简报、展示学生的艺术作品以及主办书籍讨论俱乐部。各种各样的小型俱乐部能提供培养领导才能的多种机会，并锻炼成功地组织集体活动的实际能力。交朋友对青年人来说尤为重要，而许多腼腆的学生需要某种来自组织的保障，大人只是在幕后支持他们。
在这些活动中，重要的一点是年轻人注意力保持集中的时间较短。应组织各种不同的活动，以便让参加者能尽可能长时间地保持积极主动，并让他们能接着做其他事情而不感到内疚，也不会让其他参加者感到失望。这并不意味着，大人们不必负责任。相反，在他们注意力集中时间内通过安排一些学生力所能及的任务并给予明确的规定，大人们能够帮助学生养成尽职尽责的习惯。
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21. [A] thought[B] idea[C] opinion[D] advice
22. [A] strengthen[B] accommodate[C] stimulate[D] enhance
23. [A] care[B] nutrition[C] exercise[D] leisure
24. [A] If[B] Although[C] Whereas[D] Because
25. [A] assistance[B] guidance[C] confidence[D] tolerance
26. [A] claimed[B] admired[C] ignored[D] surpassed
27. [A] improper[B] risky[C] fair[D] wise
28. [A] in effect[B] as a result[C] for example[D] in a sense
29. [A] displaying[B] describing[C] creating[D] exchanging
30. [A] durable[B] excessive[C] surplus[D] multiple
31. [A] groups[B] individual[C] personnel[D] corporation
32. [A] consent[B] insurance[C] admission[D] security
33. [A] particularly[B] barely[C] definitely[D] rarely
34. [A] similar[B] long[C] different[D] short
35. [A] if only[B] now that[C] so that[D] even if
36. [A] everything[B] anything[C] nothing[D] something
37. [A] off[B] down[C] out[D] alone
38. [A] On the contrary[B] On the average[C] On the whole[D] On the other hand
39. [A] making[B] standing[C] planning[D] taking
40. [A] capability[B] responsibility[C] proficiency[D] efficiency
[内容提要] 本文讲述教师如何帮助青少年适应身体、情感和智力等方面的变化。文章第一段谈到应当组织一些适当的活动， 第二段主要对如何组织这些活动进行进一步的阐述。
21.[正确答案]A
[考查重点] 语义辨析/ 固定搭配
[解题过程]第二句中的And说明该句是对上句的补充，be aware of “意识到，想到” 与A项thought“思考，思想”意思一致，而与B项idea “主意，观点，想法”，C项opinion“意见”和D项advice “建议”不相照应; 四个词都可以和give连用，但是idea 和opinion是可数名词，前面需要不定冠词an, 而give an idea to和give an opinion to的对象都应是人。 D干扰性最大，容易选错，但是give advice to 的对象也应该是人，而要想与后面的how从句衔接则必须使用介词on,故不正确。
22.[正确答案]B
[考查重点] 语义辨析
[解题过程]根据原文的含义，教师应该关注的是如何能够使他们(young adults)很好地“适应”这些变化。此题的难点在于对accommodate一词词义的理解，可能很多考生只了解它的第一个意思“提供住宿”，而不熟悉另外两个重要的意思是“使满意;使适应”。此题的选择还有一个重要的线索，就是紧接着下文中的adjust to(适应)，二者语义相近。
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23.[正确答案]C
[考查重点] 语义辨析
[解题过程]本题目选择名词，在句子中充当宾语。Growing bodies need movement and, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 并列连词and确定空格处的词汇与movement相似或者属于同类事物;转折词but not指示方向，but not just in ways that emphasize competition.确定要选择的名词是一种运动竞技项目。不难发现，四个选项中只有C. exercise 表示“练习，锻炼”，是一种竞技运动。 因此，正确答案是B. exercise 练习。
24.[正确答案]D
[考查重点] 逻辑关系
[解题过程]they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially selfconscious and ... 从句“they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges,... 青少年正在适应新的身体状况、心智和情感方面的诸多挑战”;主句“teenagers are especially selfconscious... 他门的自我意识强……”。不难发现，两个句子是因果关系。因此，正确答案为D. because。 句子“they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially selfconscious and ...”“因为他们的自我意识强并且……，所以青少年正在适应新的身体状况、心智和情感方面的诸多挑战。”
25. [正确答案]C
[考查重点] 语义衔接
[解题过程]本题目选择名词，后面的定语从句提供信息选择答案。顺着上一题的线索：句子叙述到Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially selfconscious and need the that comes from achieving success and knowing。并列连词and确定供选的词汇与selfconscious并列，表示一种性格特征;定语从句that comes from achieving success “取得成功所需要的……”，限定该词汇的性质。他们所需要的是来自于取得成功被别人“钦佩”的“信心”。因此，正确答案为C。
26. [正确答案]B
[考查重点] 语义衔接题
[解题过程]本题目选择动词的过去分词形式，在句子中构成被动语态，充当谓语动词。句子叙述到Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially selfconscious and need the confidence that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are by others. “因为他们的自我意识强并且需要获得成功所必需的信心，所以青少年正在适应新的身体状况、心智和情感方面的诸多挑战，并且知道他们的成绩受到别人的……”。句子中的主语提供信息决定答案。顺着上一题的线索，此处关键在于accomplishments和什么动词搭配?从上文已经推定此处动词的意思应为“钦佩，崇拜”，所以选B.admired.
27. [正确答案]D
[考查重点] 语义衔接
[解题过程]本题目选择形容词，在句子中充当表语。句子叙述到However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers...“然而，典型的青年人的生活方式已经充满了如此众多的竞争，那么组织一些赢者多于输家的活动是明智之举”。句子中 “it”是形式主语，不定式短语 “to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers”是真正的主语，主语提供信息决定答案。A.improper“不合适的”和B.risky“冒险的”是否定的意义， 与整个句意不符;C.fair“公平的”， 这里讨论的是行为的性质， 与公平与否无关。
28. [正确答案]C
[考查重点] 逻辑关系
[解题过程]本题目选择逻辑关系词，体现前后的逻辑关系。句子叙述到However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers,,publishing newsletters with many studentwritten book reviews, ....空格后面列举了几个并列结构，不难发现该逻辑关系为举例列举。选项前后是例证关系，后面列举的行为均属于用来具体说明前面的activities, 形成照应关系。选项A. in effect 事实上;B. as a result 结果是;C. for example 例如;D. in a sense 从某种意义上说。因此，正确答案为C. for example 例如。“然而，典型的青少年生活方式已经充满了如此众多的竞争，以至于组织一些胜者多败者少的活动是明智的，例如出版学生书写的读书笔记……”。
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29. [正确答案]A
[考查重点] 逻辑关系/ 语义辨析
[解题过程]本题目选择动词的动名词形式，在句子中充当谓语动词。句子叙述到 However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, for example, publishing newsletters with many studentwritten book reviews, student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. 解题时需看清句中平列的逻辑关系，“出版包括许多学生所作的书评的简报，(展示)学生创作的艺术品，举办读书座谈俱乐部等”。不难发现，选项A. displaying 展示，展出，“展出学生的艺术作品”，符合语句含义，同时与“出版学生书写的读书笔记”构成并列关系。因此，正确答案为A。
30. [正确答案]D
[考查重点] 词汇辨析
[解题过程]该题目选择形容词，在句子中充当定语。句子叙述到A variety of small clubs can provide opportunities for leadership,... “各种各样的小型俱乐部能够提供……的机会锻炼孩子们的领导力”。选择形容词，被修饰的名词提供信息。选项A. durable 耐用的;持久的 与opportunities不搭配;B. excessive 过度的;C. surplus 过剩的;都有“过分”之义，含有否定的意思， 与文意不符。正确选项D.multiple“多样的”与句子主语中的variety相照应。
31. [正确答案]A
[考查重点] 逻辑关系/ 语义衔接
[解题过程]与上文相连， opportunities后面两个for说明提供的是什么样的机会;由as well as连接的介词短语与前一个for引导介词短语是并列关系， 译为“不仅提供……机会而且提供……机会”，前者leadership是个体能力，后者则是指在成功的集体活动中得到锻炼的机会，所以选A。
32. [正确答案]D
[考查重点] 语义逻辑
[解题过程]本题存在一个意思上的相应关系， 即the of organization与the support of adult对应，可以判断D正确。 本题目选择名词，在句子中充当宾语。句子叙述到Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the of some kind of organization... “交朋友对于年轻人极其重要，并且许多腼腆的学生需要……的某种组织给予的……，而且需要有一个成年人在幕后给予支持”。选项A. consent 内容， 含量;满意， 满足B. insurance 保险，安全保障;C. admission 承认，允许进入;D. security 安全，安全感。
33. [正确答案]B
[考查重点] 语义衔接
[解题过程]with引导一个介词复合结构作定语， 修饰organization，其中“支持他们的成人”“只能”在背后出现， 这与B.barely“仅仅，刚好”的意思一致。 Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the security of some kind of organization with a supportive adult visible in the background. “腼腆的学生需要加入某种团体以获得安全感，在幕后……有成年人的支持”。rarely“罕见地”一般表否定，不合语义;barely 是肯定的意义，相当于常见的only。
34. [正确答案]D
[考查重点] 语义衔接
[解题过程]第二段讲的是如何组织活动，使学生保持持久的兴趣和注意。之所以如此， 是因为青少年的注意周期(attention spans)不够长，这一点也可凭借常识判断。 同时，下文中“participants can remain active as long as they want. 参与者能尽可能长的保持活跃的心态”的信息也证明了青少年的有意注意时限很短。因此，正确答案为D。
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